XENICAL For Professionals For Consumers
SearchSitemapContact Us
References

1. Allison DB, et al. Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States. JAMA 1999;282:1530-8.

2.

Andres R. Mortality and obesity: the rationale for age-specific height-weight tables. In: Hazzard WR, Andres R, Bierman EL, Blass JP, eds. Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. 2nd ed. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill; 1990:759-65.

3.

Astrup A, et al. The role of low-fat diets and fat substitutes in body weight management: what have we learned from clinical studies? J Am Diet Assoc 1997;97(7 suppl):S82-7.

4.

Beers, MH, Berkow R. Obesity: the excessive accumulation of body fat. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis & Therapy [Merck Web site]. Whitehouse Station, New Jersey: Merck & Co., Inc, 1999. Available at http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter5/5a.htm. Accessed Nov 12, 2000.

5.

Blackburn G. Effect of degree of weight loss on health benefits. Obes Res 1995;3(suppl 2):211s-6s.

6.

Bonham GS, Brock DB. The relationship of diabetes with race, sex, and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41:776-83.

7.

Bray GA. Complications of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103(6 pt 2):1052-62.

8.

Bray GA. Obesity. In: Fauci AS, et al., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998:454-62.

9.

Brown SL, et al. Motivational strategies used by dietitians to counsel individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Educator 1998;24:313-8.

10.

Burke LE, Dunbar-Jacob JM, Hill MN. Compliance with cardiovascular disease prevention strategies: review of the research. Ann Behav Med 1997;19:239-63.

11.

Cegala DJ, Marinelli T, Post D. The effects of patient communication skills training on compliance. Arch Fam Med 2000;9:57-64.

12.

Chan JM, et al. Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 1994;17:961-9.

13.

Chan S, Blackburn GL. Helping patients reverse the health risks of obesity. JCOM 1997;4:37-51.

14.

Colditz GA, et al. Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:481-6.

15.

Data on file (Ref. 038-001), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110.

16.

Data on file (Ref. 038-014), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110.

17.

Data on file (Ref. 038-024), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110.

18.

Data on file (Ref. 038-041), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110.

19.

Data on file (Ref. 038-046), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110.

20.

Davidson MH, et al. Weight and risk factor reduction in obese subjects treated for 2 years with orlistat. JAMA 1999;281:235-42.

21.

Després J-P. Abdominal obesity as important component of insulin-resistance syndrome. Nutrition 1993;9:452-9.

22.

Després J-P, Marette A. Relation of components of insulin resistance syndrome to coronary disease risk. Curr Opin Lipidol 1994;5:274-89.

23.

Després J-P. Visceral obesity: a component of the insulin resistance dyslipidemic syndrome. Can J Cardiol 1994;10(suppl B):17B-22B.

24.

Flier JS. Obesity. In: Kahn RC, Weir GC, eds. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus. 13th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lea & Febiger; 1994:351-61.

25.

Freis ED. Improving treatment effectiveness in hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2517-21.

26.

Galuska DA, et al. Are health care professionals advising obese patients to lose weight? JAMA 1999;282:1576-8.

27.

Havlik RJ, et al. Weight and hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1983;98(pt 2):855-9.

28.

Hollander PA, et al. Role of orlistat in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998;21:1288-94.

29.

Hunt LM, Valenzuela MA, Pugh JA. Porque me toco a mi? Mexican American diabetes patients' causal stories and their relationship to treatment behaviors. Soc Sci Med 1998;46:959-69.

30.

Institute of Medicine. Weighing the Options: Criteria for Evaluating Weight-Management Programs. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1995.

31.

Jeffery RW, et al. A randomized trial of counseling for fat restriction versus calorie restriction in the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995;19:132-7.

32.

Kanaley JA, et al. Differential health benefits of weight loss in upper-body and lower-body obese women. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:20-6.

33.

Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB, Cobb JL. Effect of weight on cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63(suppl):419S-22S.

34.

Kaul L, Nidiry JJ. Management of obesity in low-income African Americans. J Natl Med Assoc 1999;91:139-43.

35.

Kuczmarski RJ, et al. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. JAMA 1994;272:205-11.

36.

Lenfant C, Ernest N. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Div of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC. Daily dietary fat and total food-energy intakes - Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, phase 1,1988-1991 MMWR 1994;43:16-7,123-5.

37.

Metz JA, et al. Dietary compliance and cardiovascular risk reduction with a prepared meal plan compared with a self-selected diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:421-2.

38.

Mokhad AH, et al. The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998. JAMA 1999;282:1519-22.

39.

Must A, et al. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA 1999;282:1523-9.

40.

National Committee for Quality Assurance. NCQA's State of Managed Care Quality Report. Washington, DC: NCQA; 2000.

41.

National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults - the evidence report. Obes Res 1998;6(suppl 2):51S-209S.

42.

North American Association for the Study of Obesity. Guidelines for the approval and use of drugs to treat obesity. Obes Res 1995;3:473-8.

43.

Oka M, Chaboyer W. Dietary behaviors and sources of support in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nurs Res 1999;8:302-14.

44.

Ornish D, et al. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? Lancet 1990;336:129-33.

45.

Pi-Sunyer FX. Medical hazards of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1993;119(7 pt 2):655-60.

46.

Pi-Sunyer FX. Obesity. In: Bennett JC, Plum F, eds. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 20th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB Saunders Co; 1996:1161-8.

47.

Pi-Sunyer FX. A review of long-term studies evaluating the efficacy of weight loss in ameliorating disorders associated with obesity. Clin Ther 1996;18:1006-35, (discussion) 1005.

48.

Pi-Sunyer FX. Short-term medical benefits and adverse effects of weight loss. Ann Intern Med 1993;119(7 pt 2):722-6.

49.

Quesenberry CP Jr, Caan B, Jacobson A. Obesity, health services use, and health care costs among members of a health maintenance organization. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:466-72.

50.

Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Hirsch J. Obesity. N Engl J Med 1997;337:396-407.

51.

Schlundt DG, et al. Randomized evaluation of a low fat ad libitum carbohydrate diet for weight reduction. Int J Obes 1993;17:623-9.

52.

Schoenberg NE, Amey CH, Coward RT. Stories of meaning: lay perspectives on the origin and management of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus among older women in the United States. Soc Sci Med 1998;47:2113-25.

53.

Shah M, et al. Comparison of a low-fat, ad libitum complex-carbohydrate diet with a low-energy diet in moderately obese women. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:980-4.

54.

Shape Up America and the American Obesity Association. Guidance for Treatment of Adult Obesity. Bethesda, Maryland: Shape Up America; 1996.

55.

Sherwin RS. Diabetes mellitus. In: Bennett JC, Plum F. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 20th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB Saunders Co; 1996:1258-77.

56.

Siggaard R, Raben A, Astrup A. Weight loss during 12 weeks' ad libitum carbohydrate-rich diet in overweight and normal-weight subjects at a Danish work site. Obes Res 1996;4:347-56.

57.

Sjostrom L, et al. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. Lancet 1998;352:167-73.

58.

Society of Actuaries and Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors of America. Build Study 1979. March 1980.

59.

Stunkard AJ. Current views on obesity. Am J Med 1996;100:230-6.

60.

Susman JL, Helseth LD. Reducing the complications of type II diabetes: A patient-centered approach. Am Fam Physician 1997;56:471-80.

61.

Toubro S, Astrup A. Randomised comparison of diets for maintaining obese subjects' weight after major weight loss: ad lib, low fat, high carbohydrate diet v fixed energy intake. BMJ 1997;314(7073):29-34.

62.

Travis T. Patient perceptions of factors that affect adherence to dietary regimens for diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Educator 1997;23:152-6.

63.

US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services. Update: prevalence of overweight among children, adolescents, and adults-United States, 1988-1994. MMWR 1997;46:199-202.

64.

van der Kooy K, et al. Waist-hip ratio is a poor predictor of changes in visceral fat. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:327-33.

65.

Van Itallie TB. Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States. Ann Intern Med 1985;103(6 pt 2):983-8.

66.

Williamson AR, et al. Recommendations of dietitians for overcoming barriers to dietary adherence in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Educator 2000;26:272-9.

67.

Windhauser MM, et al. Dietary adherence in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99(8 suppl):S76-83.

68.

Wing RR, Jeffery RW. Benefits of recruiting participants with friends and increasing social support for weight loss and maintenance. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999;67:132-8.

69.

Witteman JCM, et al. A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US women. Circulation 1989;80:1320-7.

70.

Wolf AM, Colditz GA. Current estimates of the economic cost of obesity in the United States. Obes Res 1998;6:97-106.

71.

Wolf AM, Colditz GA. Social and economic effects of body weight in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63(suppl):466S-9S.

72.

World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO Consultation of Obesity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1997.